Thousands of years

Surgery is one of the most radical medical practices.  Many of the pathologies that affect humans can only be cured though surgery, including the invasion, lesion and pain it causes.  Although it always conveys risks, it can also give great benefits.  Various techniques can go from saving a life to subtle alterations.  Those who practice it are called surgeons and there are currently various specialties in this medical science field.

But, what is surgery?  It is the execution of various healing acts on the living body, such as extirpating, amputating, removing, implanting, correcting, suturing, etc., organs, limbs or tissues, with the help of the proper instruments.

There is evidence that primitive humans carried out certain healing techniques that could be defined as surgical.  Long ago the instruments used were made with the materials available back then: wood, bone and a variety of quartz called flint.  Humans learned how to make objects from metal and by using copper and bronze, thus achieved more efficient instruments.  There is evidence that in Babylon there were specialized people for making surgical interventions around the year 2000 B.C.  With iron came not only more lethal weapons, but also tools that helped save lives.

Surgeon robots: Present greater precision and less invasive procedures.

Dialysis helps people with terminal kidney failure reach transplants.